Economic importance of breed and traits acts as a guiding principle in selection decisions, ensuring genetic improvement in cattle breeding. AFC's genetic and phenotypic correlations with production and lifetime traits proved more advantageous than those of FSP, highlighting AFC's potential for more effective indirect selection of lifetime traits at younger ages. The selection of AFC traits for improving first lactation and lifetime performance in Tharparkar cattle signifies a sufficient level of genetic diversity within the current herd.
To grasp the genetic underpinnings of the existing Rongchang pig population, enabling a thorough production plan encompassing both environmental and genetic factors, and to establish a pathogen-controlled, genetically diverse closed herd, a detailed understanding of the population's genetic history is essential.
To evaluate the genetic diversity parameters and construct family structures of 54 specific pathogen-free (SPF) Rongchang pigs, we employed the Zhongxin-1 Porcine Breeding Array PLUS for genotyping. Moreover, the runs of homozygosity (ROH) for each individual were tabulated, and the inbreeding coefficient, calculated from ROH, was determined for each individual.
Genetic diversity analysis yielded an effective population size of 32 (Ne), a polymorphism proportion of 0.515 (PN), and heterozygosity values of 0.315 (He) for desired, and 0.335 (Ho) for observed values. Ho's superiority in height pointed to a pronounced heterozygosity level across all selected genetic loci. Upon collating the outcomes of genomic relatedness studies and cluster analyses, the Rongchang pig population was categorized into four separate family lineages. Functional Aspects of Cell Biology To conclude, for each individual, we assessed the ROH and calculated their inbreeding coefficient, the mean of which was 0.009.
Genetic diversity in the Rongchang pig population is diminished owing to the limited size of the population and the influence of other factors. The results of this study provide essential data, forming the basis for the development of the Rongchang pig breeding program, the establishment of a protected SPF Rongchang pig herd, and its application in experimental procedures.
The Rongchang pig population's genetic diversity is constrained by its limited size and other contributing elements. The data gleaned from this study serves as a fundamental basis for developing a Rongchang pig breeding program, establishing a secure SPF Rongchang pig closed herd, and subsequently utilizing it for experimental purposes.
Sheep and goats effectively process low-quality forage to produce high-quality meat with particular nutrients and quality characteristics. Several factors affect the carcass traits and quality attributes of sheep and goat meat, with feeding regimens standing out as a particularly influential strategy. This review explores the profound effects of feeding strategies on growth rates, carcass traits, and the quality of sheep and goat meat, focusing on physical-chemical composition, taste profile, and the fatty acid profile. Lambs and kids receiving supplementary concentrate or stall-fed feed demonstrated superior average daily weight gains and carcass yields, when compared with pasture-only fed counterparts. Lambs/kids consuming pastures of superior quality, however, displayed a more pronounced growth rate. Lamb meat from concentrate-fed grazing lambs exhibited a more intense flavor, a greater proportion of intramuscular fat, and a less healthy fatty acid profile, but presented similar color, tenderness, juiciness, and protein content to lamb meat from grass-only-fed lambs. Lambs fed a concentrated diet, in contrast, yielded meat with a more vivid color, enhanced tenderness and juiciness, increased intramuscular fat and protein content, and a reduced meaty flavor profile. Furthermore, the meat from calves fed concentrate supplements exhibited elevated color values, tenderness, intramuscular fat content, and an adverse fatty acid profile, while juiciness and flavor protein levels remained comparable. Kids on a concentrate diet, unlike their pasture-raised counterparts, had improved color coordination, juiciness, and intramuscular fat content, but a less desirable fatty acid composition and reduced tenderness and flavor intensity. Indoor-finished or supplemented grazing of sheep and goats resulted in increased growth rates and improved carcass attributes, greater intramuscular fat, and an unfavorable fatty acid profile when compared to animals that grazed solely on grass. Linsitinib mw Finally, the addition of a concentrate diet led to a greater intensity of flavor in lamb meat, along with an enhancement in color and tenderness of the meat; conversely, indoor-fed sheep and goats had an improvement in color and juiciness, but exhibited a decrease in flavor compared to their pasture-raised counterparts.
This study aimed to determine the effect of different marigold xanthophyll types on the parameters of growth performance, the coloration of the skin, and the pigmentation of the carcass.
In each of the 4 groups, 6 replicates were established, with 8 broilers per replicate, randomly selecting 192 healthy yellow-feathered broilers, aged 60 days and weighing an average of 1279.81 grams, for this study. Nucleic Acid Purification The four treatments comprised: (1) the CON group, receiving a basal diet; (2) the LTN group, supplemented with lutein; (3) the MDP group, supplemented with monohydroxyl pigments including dehydrated lutein, -cryptoxanthin, and -cryptoxanthin; (4) the LTN + MDP group, supplemented with lutein and monohydroxyl pigments in a 11:1 ratio. The supplementary constituents in the LTN, MDP, and LTN + MDP groups all contained 2 grams of material per kilogram. At the 7-day, 14-day, 21-day, and 28-day milestones after the dietary treatments, skin pigmentation was measured. Fat from slaughtered chickens' breasts, thighs, and abdomens was stored at 4°C for 24 hours prior to determining the meat's color characteristics, using the L*, a*, and b* values.
Subwing skin yellow scores were notably improved by all treatments on days 14, 21, and 28, a statistically significant effect (p < 0.005). Simultaneously, the lutein and monohydroxyl pigment mixture exhibited a statistically significant increase in shank yellow scores over the same three-day period (p < 0.005). Treatments involving the lutein-monohydroxyl pigment blend produced a notable elevation in the yellow scores of beaks, and all treatments led to an increase in shank yellowness by day 28, meeting the statistical significance threshold (p < 0.005). All therapies produced improvements in the yellow (b*) values of breast and thigh muscle tissue; in addition, the monohydroxyl pigment and the lutein-monohydroxyl pigment combination resulted in significant increases in both redness (a*) and yellow (b*) values for abdominal fat (p < 0.05).
In a nutshell, the extraction of diverse xanthophyll types from marigolds significantly increased the yellowness quantified in skin color and the yellow (b*) values of the carcass's pigmentation. The effectiveness of lutein and monohydroxyl pigment blends was markedly superior in terms of skin color enhancement.
The findings indicate a significant rise in yellow skin coloration and yellow (b*) carcass pigmentation values as a result of employing diverse xanthophyll types derived from marigolds. A significant improvement in skin color was attributable to the combined effect of lutein and monohydroxyl pigment.
Feed efficiency, ruminal fermentation, and microbial protein synthesis were studied in Thai native beef cattle fed concentrate diets containing cricket (Gryllus bimaculatus) meal pellets (CMP) in place of soybean meal (SBM).
Utilizing a 4 x 4 Latin square design, four male beef cattle were randomly divided into treatment groups, with varying proportions of SBM replaced by CMP in concentrate feeds (0%, 33%, 67%, and 100%).
Despite no changes in dry matter (DM) intake when SBM was replaced with CMP, the digestibility of crude protein, acid detergent fiber, and neutral detergent fiber was significantly enhanced (p<0.05), yet the digestibility of dry matter and organic matter remained unaffected. Increasing dietary CMP levels up to 100% within concentrate feed resulted in statistically significant (p<0.05) increases in ruminal ammoniacal nitrogen (NH3-N), blood urea nitrogen, total volatile fatty acids, and propionate concentrations, while methane production and protozoal populations correspondingly decreased (p<0.05). When soybean meal (SBM) was substituted with corn gluten meal (CMP), the efficiency of microbial nitrogen protein synthesis rose.
Thai native beef cattle fed a rice straw-based diet saw improved nutrient digestibility and rumen fermentation efficiency when feed concentrate mixtures included up to 100% CMP substitution for SBM. This enhancement was characterized by increased volatile fatty acid (especially propionate) production, increased microbial protein synthesis, a decrease in protozoal populations, and a mitigation of rumen methane production.
A rice straw-based diet for Thai native beef cattle, when supplemented with up to 100% substitution of SBM with CMP in the feed concentrate mixture, demonstrated enhanced nutrient digestibility and rumen fermentation efficiency, resulting in increased volatile fatty acid production, especially propionate, and microbial protein synthesis. This resulted in a decrease in protozoal populations and a mitigation of rumen methane.
A common observation in aging roosters is the decrease in semen quality and resultant subfertility. Thai native roosters from rural areas, however, tend to live longer than expected. This research, therefore, explored the impact of selenium supplementation, as an antioxidative agent, in rooster diets to enhance the cryopreservation of rooster semen in the context of aging.
At the initiation of the experiment, semen samples were collected from 20 young and 20 aged Thai native roosters (Pradu Hang Dum) at ages 36 and 105 weeks, respectively. The animals were provided with diets that did or did not include selenium, at a level of 0.75 ppm. Pre-cryopreservation assessments of fresh semen quality and lipid peroxidation were carried out employing the conventional liquid nitrogen vapor technique.